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  请求头中添加自定义数据
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  <time datetime="2022-01-06T10:07:45.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2022-01-06</time>
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  <p>当通过 xhr 发送请求，需要在请求头中携带自定义参数时，可分以下几种方式实现。</p>
<h2 id="使用原生-XMLHttpRequest"><a href="#使用原生-XMLHttpRequest" class="headerlink" title="使用原生 XMLHttpRequest"></a>使用原生 XMLHttpRequest</h2><p><code>XMLHttpRequest.setRequestHeader()</code> 是设置 HTTP 请求头的方法。此方法必须在 <code>open()</code> 和 <code>send()</code> 之间调用。如果多次对同一请求头进行赋值，则最终只会生成一个合并了多个值的请求头。</p>
<p>具体用法如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> xhr = <span class="keyword">new</span> XMLHttpRequest();</span><br><span class="line">xhr.open(url, method);</span><br><span class="line">xhr.setRequestHeader(<span class="string">&#x27;token&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;xxxx&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">xhr.send(param);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="使用-ajax"><a href="#使用-ajax" class="headerlink" title="使用 $.ajax"></a>使用 $.ajax</h2><p>当使用 <code>$.ajax(obj)</code> 实现请求的发送，如果请求头中需要携带特定参数，可以通过 obj 中的两个属性实现。</p>
<p>先大致了解下 obj 中有哪些重要的属性：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  type: <span class="string">&#x27;请求方式&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  url: <span class="string">&#x27;请求路由&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  data: <span class="string">&#x27;请求需要携带的数据&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  dataType: <span class="string">&#x27;期望响应数据的格式&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  beforeSend: <span class="string">&#x27;在发送请求之前可做的操作&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  headers: <span class="string">&#x27;设置请求头内容&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>通过 <code>headers</code> 或者 <code>beforeSend</code> 属性就可以设置请求头内容，两个属性在具体开发中按自己喜好二选一即可。这两个属性值的具体格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  beforeSend: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">request</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    request.setRequestHeader(<span class="string">&#x27;token&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;xxxx&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  headers: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">&#x27;token&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;xxx&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h2 id="设置请求头后访问接口报错"><a href="#设置请求头后访问接口报错" class="headerlink" title="设置请求头后访问接口报错"></a>设置请求头后访问接口报错</h2><p>当设置请求头后，访问接口出现报错，报错信息如下：</p>
<p><code>Request header field x-requested-with is not allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Headers in preflight response.</code></p>
<p>此时后端接口需要如下设置：</p>
<p><code>res.setHeader(&#39;Access-Control-Allow-Headers&#39;, &#39;token&#39;);</code></p>
<p>附上一个完整的后端接口设置信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">doFilter</span><span class="params">(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException, ServletException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    req.setAttribute(<span class="string">&quot;org.apache.catalina.ASYNC_SUPPORTED&quot;</span>, <span class="keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;</span><br><span class="line">    response.setHeader(<span class="string">&quot;Access-Control-Allow-Origin&quot;</span>, ((HttpServletRequest) req).getHeader(<span class="string">&quot;Origin&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    response.setHeader(<span class="string">&quot;Access-Control-Allow-Methods&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE,PUT&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    response.setHeader(<span class="string">&quot;Access-Control-Max-Age&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;3600&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    response.setHeader(<span class="string">&quot;Access-Control-Allow-Headers&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;Content-Disposition,Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept,Authorization,id_token&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    response.setHeader(<span class="string">&quot;Access-Control-Allow-Credentials&quot;</span>,<span class="string">&quot;true&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    response.setHeader(<span class="string">&quot;Content-Security-Policy&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;default-src &#x27;self&#x27; &#x27;unsafe-inline&#x27;; script-src &#x27;self&#x27;; frame-ancestors &#x27;self&#x27;; object-src &#x27;none&#x27;&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    response.setHeader(<span class="string">&quot;X-Content-Type-Options&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;nosniff&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    response.setHeader(<span class="string">&quot;X-XSS-Protection&quot;</span>, <span class="string">&quot;1; mode=block&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    chain.doFilter(req, res);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
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